Iraq (Cultures of the World) | Book

Iraq ( conclusions of the reality) BookIntroductionHassig and Al Adely argue in their book known as Iraq Culture of the world, that Iraq has been a major discussion featured in news all over the world in the last ten years of the 20th hundred and in the early years of the 21st century. Its ancient history has fascinated and owed many though triggering the international community to have many negative reactions. In ancient days, Iraq was known as Mesopotamia meaning record between two rivers-the Euphrates and the Tigris with Arabs, Sumerians, Turks and Babylonians contributing to the prosperity of the republic. This has made Iraq to be known as the cradle of civilization. They ulterior discuss Iraqs climate, geography, fauna, governance, economy, flora and the countrys history as discussed below.GeographyIraqs geography is made of mountains in the north, marshland on river banks and comeupance in the south. The Iraq terrain is rugged seen in the citizens who feel in poverty and war though still holding to their religion, beliefs, customs and interests. The countrys geographical location is in the south western region of Asia. Iraqs fertile land is found between the two rivers which has supported agriculture for many years. Although besides the lands fertility, the countrys topography and vegetation is changing drastically with west and southern parts changing into abjures and the north transforming into cold mountainous regions.There are steppe desert plains towards the west. This makes the place to be scarcely populated due to the rocky terrain plus the harsh climatical conditions. The northern foothills region receives abundant rainfall thus producing a lot of grain for the country. The foothills have many archeological sites like the ancient city of Assyria. The northeasterly mountains are inhabited by many people due to its fertile land for pastures and the favorable cool climate. The later is also the land with richest oil palm. Although, macrocos m remote, the mountains act as a shelter for criminals and rebels.ClimateIraq is discussed to have unreliable climate. The north experiences freezing cold winters and very hot summers the west is a desert thus dry eastern sides are tropical thus humid. Iraq is a dry country. Averagely, the countrys summer temperatures range from 24to 43 degrees Celsius while 4 to 16 degrees Celsius in winter. It receives little rainfall, approximately 130cm per year. The rain evaporates quickly making the country to depend on irrigation for cultivation. Rarely the country experiences destructive floods.FloraThe country has a smor vauntbord of vegetation due to the different climates experienced. Examples of trees growing in the high altitude are alpine plants, oak trees, juniper and hawthorn. The vegetation grows sparingly due to the rarefied salt concentration and the unfavorable climate. The country has desert flora which survive in the hot summer and thrive in the in spring subsequently rainfa ll. Dates are also grown many parts of Iraq. The plant is referred to as the plant of life due to its many uses. It is used to make a smorgasbord of dishes, the palm is used for weaving and date pits are ground to create a beverage.FaunaThe country has little fauna in relation to its size. Mostly, individuals control camels as they survive very well in deserts. They require little piddle for survival and can travel long distances. The deserts have a variety of nocturnal animals. The Euphrates and Tigris provide a habitat for fresh water fish.Iraq has many cities examples are Baghdad, Basra, Mosul and Kirkuk. Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq, grew from a small village which had suit the heart of traditions and education. Right now, it is the center of government with many industries i.e. oil industries and food processors. The city was greatly affected by the gulf wars. Their bombs targeted armed forces and administration buildings in the main the governments. Currently, the c ity is being renovated. Though, this process is being slowed by international permits that stop countries from supplying Iraq with building materials.HistoryIraq has the best history. It is believed to be the root of civilization in 3500B.C. An example is the cylinder seals found there. They were pressed into clay and used to create signatures. The city built ziggurat which are pyramid shaped temples that made weapons and standard gadgets. The authors also talks about the countries golden age and the foreign conquest. Iraq was then declared an independent kingdom in October 1932. The country was later faced with problems internally and with neighboring countries. In the late 1940s, the country faced economic crisis caused by worldwide shortages and the mass exodus of Jews to Israel from Iraq. This was also as a result of World War II.In 1991, there was an Iraq-Iran war which drastically affected their economy. ibn Talal Hussein and Al-Sabath family governing Kuwaiti disagreed on va rious issues. Oil fields lied in their border causing them to quarrel since 1958. Overproduction of oil by Kuwait to recover money to pay their loaner, lowered oil prices which also affected Iraq. Later, Hussein organised groups to attack Kuwait causing the Al-Sabath to exile to Saudi Arabia. United Nations reacted by sanctioning economic approval on Iraq that the country could not exportation their oil. United Nations created military troops by December 1990 which used force to vacate Iraq troops from Kuwait. Iraq did not withdraw from Kuwait and thus United Nations organized to attack Iraq. This affected Iraq as the war claimed 100,000 lives of Iraqis.GovernmentThe country had dictatorship governance since 1979 during Saddam Husseins reign. The weapons used against Iraq affected them. Weapons made of poisons that could spread through water and air was used against Iraq. Iraq planned a terrorist attack and later attacked United States in September 2001. This has been causing quarr els between the two countries up to date. U.S government prompt to attack Iraq, although people who took part in the first Gulf War II were against it. Iraq, under Saddam Hussein, was producing mass destruction weapons which the U.S government targeted to destroy.The second gulf war began on 19th of March, 2003 when the U.S government planned missiles to a palace that was believed to have Saddam Hussein and his family hiding. The bombers targeted Iraq cities that are scarcely populated to avoid trouncing and destroying the infrastructure. However, they were met by organized guerrilla opposition that was very fierce and this resistance never materialized. The U.S Special Forces planned and with the backing from the Kurdish militias they took over the oil fields in the north. Tikrit, Husseins hometown was taken by the U.S troop and Iraqis celebrated his down fall. The main agenda of the war was to replace Saddam Husseins dictatorship rule. Desperation of the Iraqis caused them to rob museums, substructure and citadels of their leaders. The Iraqis who had flown from the country started to go back to the country and declaring themselves leaders in both religious and political fields. There was no clear governance. U.S assigned their factories to restore the destroy infrastructure. Citizens built hope for brighter future in 2003 after the collapse of military authoritarianism.Iraq developed into a sovereign state from the association of countries authorized by British government on 3rd of October,1932 and transferred its leadership from an Alliance of Provisional Power to Iraq government on 28th of June,2004. Thus the government has a parliamentary nation type of governance.EconomyIraq claims to have 143 barrels of crude oil and in 2009 it signed a major production deal with international oil companies. The country has set a target of 2.2million barrels for 2011 after the steady rise in shipments from the Kurdish region.ConclusionIn conclusion, Iraq as a countr y has marvelous geographical and archeological sites with variable climate. The harsh climatic conditions experienced has made the country to depend on irrigation for agriculture and has also minimized the types of animals domesticated by Iraqis i.e. most of them keep camels. The country is portrayed to be rich with oil though being devastated with the recurrent war and bad governance. Globally, renaissance of producing oil and gas in Iraq would help reduce oil prices globally. This would assist in increasing oil quantity after the sharp worldwide depression that occurred in 2008-2009 which lead to a steady increase in its price. Iraq has the possibility to become one of the worlds chief oil manufacturers given its vast oil resources. Overpowering rebels in the warmheartedness East of Iraq has helped Iraq which is now progressing. This book explores Iraqs geography, past, government, wealth, citizens, and traditions.